Robotic Surgery - Benefits and Risks

Robotic-assisted joint replacement represents an important advancement in orthopaedic surgery. This video explains how robotic technology works, the potential benefits it offers, and considerations when deciding if this approach is suitable for you. It is important to understand that the robotic device is there to improve the surgeon's accuracy, and controlled implant placement by providing real-time feedback and precision guidance based on your unique anatomy. The machine does not perform your operation independently of the surgeon. Before surgery, a CT or MRI scan may be required of your hip or knee. This scan creates a three-dimensional virtual model of your joint, which will be uploaded into the robotic system for personalised surgical planning. During surgery, the robotic system combines pre-operative planning, with real-time data about how your joint moves. This allows me to make small adjustments to the implant position and alignment - ensuring optimal tension of the surrounding soft tissues, whilst preserving healthy tissue. The potential benefits of robotic-assisted surgery include more accurate implant placement compared to conventional techniques. This precision often results in a more natural-feeling joint, reduced post-operative pain and faster recovery times. Long term data for improved implant survival times is not yet available, but I believe better alignment will lead to better outcomes. There are unique risks associated with this procedure. The CT scan exposes you to radiation equivalent to approximately forty-eight chest x-rays. Additional small incisions are required for the insertion of tracking pins, allowing the robot to function. These pin sites carry a very small additional risk of bone fracture, infection, scar symptoms or neurovascular injury. Equipment malfunction, though rare, may require conversion to conventional techniques during the surgery. Robotic-assisted surgery is particularly suitable for patients with significant joint deformity, sports persons and the young - for whom long-term survival of the prosthesis is desirable. If the bone quality is satisfactory, the robotic device can be used - although it's not always needed. Your recovery after robotic-assisted surgery follows a similar pathway to conventional joint replacement. Most patients return home after a 1 to 2 night hospital stay. During your consultation we will discuss whether robotic-assisted surgery is appropriate for your circumstances. I also will explain specific benefits, and risks as they apply to you. Further guidance is also available from the NHS and the British Orthopaedic Association.